现在完成时：经历、结果与持续 · PET / B1
天天向上 · 原创语法学习讲义
把过去与现在连起来：谈经历、现在的结果和持续至今的状态，准确使用常见时间词。
结构与过去分词
现在完成时由 have / has + 过去分词构成；否定在 have / has 后加 not，提问把它提前。
Has Mia finished the form? No, she has not finished it yet.
米娅填完表了吗？还没有。
规则动词过去分词常与过去式相同，不规则词要区分 went 与 gone 等形式。
经历与近期结果
ever / never 常谈经历；just 表刚刚；already 表已经；yet 常用于否定和疑问。
I have just sent the email. Have you checked yours yet?
我刚刚发了邮件。你查看自己的邮件了吗？
never 已有否定含义，不再加 not。时间词通常位于 have 与分词之间，yet 常在句末。
for 与 since
for + 一段时间；since + 起点，也可接一般过去时小句，表示从某事件起持续至今。
I have known her since we started secondary school.
从上中学起我就认识她。
know 表状态，这里用 have known；不要为了强调持续就写 have been knowing。
been 与 gone
have been to 常表示去过且已经回来；have gone to 常表示去了、还未回来。
Sam has gone to the library. He will be back soon.
萨姆去图书馆了，过一会儿回来。
been in 可表示待在某地多久；区分经历、去向与停留。
语境练习
1. I cannot find my keys. I have ___ them somewhere.
A. lost
B. losing
C. lose
2. She has played for this team ___ she was twelve.
A. during
B. since
C. for
3. We have known each other ___ six years.
A. since
B. from
C. for
4. It is nearly time to leave. Have you packed your bag ___?
A. yet
B. never
C. ever
5. I do not need another ticket. I have ___ bought one.
A. yet
B. ever
C. already
6. “Dad has gone to the supermarket.” Where is he most likely now?
A. At home after returning.
B. He has never visited it.
C. Away from home, on that trip.
7. ___ you ever won a prize in a competition?
A. Are
B. Did
C. Have
8. “I have just finished my homework.” What does just mean here?
A. The homework was finished years ago.
B. The homework was finished a short time ago.
C. Only one kind of homework exists.
答案与解释
1. A · lost
have 后接过去分词 lost，表达现在找不到的结果。
2. B · since
she was twelve 是开始的时间点，用 since 引导。
3. C · for
six years 是时长，使用 for。
4. A · yet
问预期的事情是否完成，yet 放疑问句末尾。
5. C · already
已经买过所以不需要，使用 already。
6. C · Away from home, on that trip.
has gone to 通常表示去了但尚未回来。
7. C · Have
ever 问截至现在的经历，won 是过去分词，用 Have。
8. B · The homework was finished a short time ago.
just 在现在完成时中常指刚刚发生。
表达任务
给交流学校的新朋友写一段介绍：写一次经历、一项刚完成的准备、一项尚未完成的准备，以及从某时起一直做的事。约 70–100 词。
□ have / has 后使用过去分词。
□ for 接时长，since 接起点。
□ ever / never / just / already / yet 的位置和意思合理。
参考表达
I have lived in this town since I was eight, and I have been a member of the school music club for two years. I have never taken part in an exchange before, so I am excited. I have already bought my travel ticket, and I have just sent the permission form. I have not packed my bag yet because I still need to check the weather.
难度范围参照 Cambridge B1 Preliminary for Schools；本站原创练习，并非官方试卷。