冠词:a / an / the 与零冠词 · PET / B1
天天向上 · 原创语法学习讲义
从“发音、可数性、是否特指”三步判断冠词,在旅行、学校和日常介绍中用准确。
a / an 看声音
用于单数可数名词的非特指提及,依据后一个词的起始音素选择 a / an。
an hour; a useful tool; an honest answer
一小时;一个有用工具;一个诚实回答。
hour 的 h 不发音,useful 以 /j/ 开头。
the 表可识别的对象
已提过、双方知道或被限定的具体对象,常用 the;最高级常用 the。
Please close the window next to the door.
请关上门旁边那扇窗。
不是所有名词都必须有 the;看读者是否能识别具体对象。
泛指复数与不可数
泛指类别时,复数和不可数名词常用零冠词;单数可数名词不能随意裸用。
Music helps me relax. I would like a book about music.
音乐帮助我放松。我想要一本关于音乐的书。
不写 I bought book;可以是 a book / the book / my book 等。
名称和常用搭配
多数城市和国家名不用冠词,但 the UK 等是例外;餐名、运动、语言与 by + 交通方式常不用冠词。
We had breakfast in London and travelled by train.
我们在伦敦吃早饭,然后乘火车旅行。
具体限定的餐食或交通工具仍可用 the,如 the breakfast we ordered、on the bus。
语境练习
1. We waited for ___ hour outside.
A. an
B. the a
C. a
2. She is ___ university student.
A. the an
B. a
C. an
3. I bought a guidebook yesterday. ___ guidebook has a useful map.
A. A
B. An
C. The
4. In general, ___ information should be checked carefully.
A. an
B. —(不填)
C. a
5. We usually travel to school by ___ bus.
A. the
B. —(不填)
C. a
6. Please pass me ___ book with the red cover.
A. —(不填)
B. the
C. an
7. Choose the correct sentence for a first mention.
A. I need an advice and a notebook.
B. I need advice and notebook.
C. I need some advice and a notebook.
8. Our exchange group is travelling from Spain to ___ UK.
A. the
B. a
C. —(不填)
答案与解释
1. A · an
hour 起始 h 不发音,元音音素前用 an。
2. B · a
university 以 /j/ 辅音音素开头,用 a。
3. C · The
第二次指同一本书,用 The。
4. B · —(不填)
泛指不可数 information,用零冠词。
5. B · —(不填)
by bus 是表示出行方式的固定零冠词搭配。
6. B · the
with the red cover 帮助识别具体哪本书,用 the。
7. C · I need some advice and a notebook.
advice 不可数;notebook 是单数可数,需要 a。
8. A · the
UK 作为 United Kingdom 的名称通常带 the。
表达任务
写一段在陌生城市找回失物的故事。第一次和再次提及同一物品使用不同冠词,并包含一个 by + 交通方式和一个地名。
□ a / an 根据音素而不是字母选择。
□ 单数可数名词没有无故缺少限定词。
□ 第一次提及、再次提及和泛指区分清楚。
参考表达
I travelled to London by train last weekend. At the station, I found a small bag under a seat. The bag contained a notebook and an old camera. I took it to the information desk. An assistant checked the notebook and found a name inside. A few minutes later, the owner arrived. She was a university student, and she was very grateful for the help.
难度范围参照 Cambridge B1 Preliminary for Schools;本站原创练习,并非官方试卷。