不规则动词：三种词形与应用 · PET / B1
天天向上 · 原创语法学习讲义
把词形放回时态结构：过去式用于一般过去，过去分词用于完成时和被动语态；按规律整理常用词。
先决定句子需要哪一列
一般过去时肯定句常用过去式；have / has / had 后用过去分词；被动 be 后也用过去分词。
I saw it yesterday. I have seen it. It was seen by many people.
我昨天看到了。我看过。许多人看过它。
did 后仍用原形：Did you see it?，不是 Did you saw it?。
两列相同的一组
buy-bought-bought、bring-brought-brought、think-thought-thought、find-found-found、leave-left-left。
They found the key and have brought it to the office.
他们找到了钥匙，并已把它带到办公室。
同组帮助记忆，但别凭发音猜新词的变化。
三列不同的一组
begin-began-begun、write-wrote-written、take-took-taken、break-broke-broken、choose-chose-chosen。
The students chose a topic and have written a short report.
学生选了主题，并已写好短报告。
过去式与分词差别会出现在完成时和被动句中。
完全相同与特殊变化
put-put-put、cut-cut-cut、cost-cost-cost；go-went-gone；be-was/were-been。
The tickets have been checked, and our bags were put on the coach.
票已查验，行李放到了大巴上。
learned / learnt 等存在常用变体；记住一种并认识另一种，不把规范变体判错。
| 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 意思 / 提示 |
|---|---|---|---|
| be | was / were | been | 是、在 |
| go | went | gone | 去 |
| do | did | done | 做 |
| have | had | had | 有；吃、进行等 |
| see | saw | seen | 看见 |
| take | took | taken | 拿、乘坐 |
| write | wrote | written | 写 |
| begin | began | begun | 开始 |
| break | broke | broken | 打破 |
| choose | chose | chosen | 选择 |
| speak | spoke | spoken | 说话 |
| eat | ate | eaten | 吃 |
| buy | bought | bought | 买 |
| bring | brought | brought | 带来 |
| think | thought | thought | 想、认为 |
| find | found | found | 找到 |
| leave | left | left | 离开、留下 |
| send | sent | sent | 发送 |
| make | made | made | 制作 |
| know | knew | known | 知道、认识 |
| put | put | put | 放置 |
| cut | cut | cut | 切 |
| cost | cost | cost | 价格为 |
| read /riːd/ | read /red/ | read /red/ | 读 |
语境练习
1. We ___ the earlier train yesterday.
A. taken
B. took
C. take
2. Have you ___ the instructions carefully?
A. saw
B. read
C. wrote
3. They have ___ a new date for the match.
A. choose
B. chosen
C. chose
4. The window was ___ during the storm.
A. breaking
B. broke
C. broken
5. Did you ___ the email this morning?
A. send
B. sent
C. sending
6. Which set is correct for the usual meaning “放置”?
A. put – pat – putten
B. put – put – put
C. put – putted – putted
7. Complete the set: buy – bought – ___.
A. buyed
B. bought
C. boughten
8. In “I have read the report,” read is pronounced:
A. /red/
B. /riːd/
C. /reɪd/
答案与解释
1. B · took
一般过去时肯定句使用 take 的过去式 took。
2. B · read
read 可作过去分词且与 instructions 搭配；这里读 /red/。
3. B · chosen
choose 的过去分词是 chosen。
4. C · broken
被动语态用 was + 过去分词 broken。
5. A · send
did 已经表示过去，后用 send 原形。
6. B · put – put – put
put 的三种形式拼写相同。
7. B · bought
buy 的过去分词和过去式都是 bought。
8. A · /red/
read 的过去分词读 /red/，原形才读 /riːd/。
表达任务
用五个不同的不规则动词写一段项目进展：用一般过去时报告昨天做的事，用现在完成时报告截至现在的成果，并写一个 did 问句。
□ 一般过去、完成时与被动语态选对词形。
□ did 后恢复原形。
□ read 等特殊拼写与读音已核对。
参考表达
Yesterday, our group chose a topic and went to the library. We found two useful books and took notes. Since then, we have written the first part of our report and made a list of questions. We have also sent an email to a local expert. Did you see the photos we took? We have not begun the final presentation yet, but we have already bought the materials.
难度范围参照 Cambridge B1 Preliminary for Schools；本站原创练习，并非官方试卷。