过去完成时：过去之前 · PET / B1
天天向上 · 原创语法学习讲义
先定位一个过去时刻，再回看更早发生的事，为 B1 叙事和转述建立清楚的时间顺序。
had + 过去分词
所有主语都用 had，后面用过去分词；疑问句把 had 提前。
Had they booked a room before they travelled?
出发前他们订好房间了吗？
不用 has had went；正确分词是 gone。
要有过去的参照点
过去完成时不是“更高级的过去时”，要能找到另一个过去时刻或事件。
By the time the film started, we had found our seats.
电影开始时，我们已经找到座位。
单独说去年做某事，通常用一般过去时，不必无故加 had。
用来补背景或解释
先写过去事件，再解释此前发生的原因，可以用过去完成时。
She was tired because she had slept badly.
她很累，因为之前没睡好。
过去完成时强调时间关系；并不自动表示动作持续很久。
顺序清楚时不滥用
before / after 已把顺序讲明时，常可用一般过去时；过去完成时可更强调此前完成。
After we finished lunch, we went for a walk.
吃完午饭后，我们去散步。
这句本身正确，不要机械地要求每个 after 从句都必须用 had。
语境练习
1. The doors were locked when we arrived because the centre ___ already closed.
A. had
B. was
C. has
2. We realised that we had ___ the wrong bus.
A. taken
B. took
C. taking
3. “By the time I called, Ana had left.” Which happened first?
A. Ana left.
B. I called.
C. Both events must have happened at exactly the same time.
4. Report one finished event with no earlier-past comparison: “I ___ the museum last Saturday.”
A. have visited
B. had visit
C. visited
5. I did not recognise him because I ___ him before.
A. did not had seen
B. had not seen
C. had not saw
6. Choose the correct question.
A. Had you eaten before you left home?
B. Did you had eaten before you left home?
C. Had you ate before you left home?
7. “When I arrived, they started the game.” What does this usually suggest?
A. I never arrived.
B. They had finished the game long before I arrived.
C. The start followed my arrival.
8. “I was nervous because I had never flown before.” The earlier situation is:
A. A flight happening right now.
B. No flying experience before that past moment.
C. A plan to fly next year.
答案与解释
1. A · had
关闭在到达这一过去事件之前，使用 had closed。
2. A · taken
take 的过去分词是 taken，had 后用过去分词。
3. A · Ana left.
had left 表示离开早于打电话。
4. C · visited
明确过去日期的一次事件使用一般过去时 visited。
5. B · had not seen
否定是 had not + 过去分词 seen。
6. A · Had you eaten before you left home?
had 提前，后面保留过去分词 eaten。
7. C · The start followed my arrival.
两个一般过去时通常按此句顺序表示到达后开始。
8. B · No flying experience before that past moment.
had never flown 以过去紧张的时刻为参照，表示此前没有飞行经历。
表达任务
写一段“差点错过活动”的故事：先说当时发生什么，再用过去完成时解释一个更早的原因，最后写结果。约 70–100 词。
□ had 后使用过去分词。
□ 每个过去完成时都有明确的过去参照点。
□ 普通连续事件没有全部改成过去完成时。
参考表达
When I arrived at the station, I realised that I had left my wallet at home. I was worried because I had already booked a place on the school trip. Luckily, I found my phone in my pocket and called my dad. He brought the wallet to the station. By the time the coach arrived, I had checked my ticket and was ready to leave.
难度范围参照 Cambridge B1 Preliminary for Schools；本站原创练习，并非官方试卷。