现在完成时 vs 一般过去时 · PET / B1
天天向上 · 原创语法学习讲义
判断时间是否已经结束，以及说话人是否关注与现在的联系；不要只靠一个时间词选答案。
明确结束的过去时间
yesterday、last year、in 2020 等已结束时间，通常配一般过去时。
I bought this phone last month.
我上个月买了这部手机。
不要在明确的 last month 前加 have bought。
当前结果与具体事件
同一件事可从现在结果或过去发生时间来讲。
I have broken my glasses. I broke them during the match yesterday.
我把眼镜弄坏了。我是在昨天比赛时弄坏的。
先谈当前结果，再用一般过去时补充何时、如何发生。
时间段与语境
this week / today 不能机械决定时态：看时间段是否仍被看作开放，以及具体事件如何叙述。
I have read two books this week, and it is only Wednesday.
这周才到周三，我已经读了两本书。
同一个“今天”也能讲某个已完成事件：I saw her today.。
持续状态与结束状态
for / since 是线索，不是自动的时态开关；明确仍在继续还是已经结束。
He lived there for a year, but he has lived here since June.
他曾在那里住一年，但从六月起一直住在这里。
谈住过但已搬走用 lived；谈现在仍住这里用 has lived。
语境练习
1. I ___ my cousin at the station yesterday afternoon.
A. met
B. have meet
C. have met
2. “Have you ever tried climbing?” “Yes, I ___ it on holiday last year.”
A. have tried
B. try
C. tried
3. We ___ in this flat since 2021, and we are still here.
A. live last year
B. have lived
C. lived yesterday
4. I ___ tennis for five years as a child, but I stopped when I was twelve.
A. have played
B. played
C. am playing
5. Which question correctly asks when the event happened?
A. When have you bought your bike?
B. When did you bought your bike?
C. When did you buy your bike?
6. “I have lost my ticket, so I cannot board the train.” The focus is:
A. A daily habit.
B. The current result of losing it.
C. The exact year it was lost.
7. “Is your homework ready?” “Yes, I have finished it. I ___ it before dinner.”
A. finishing
B. have finished
C. finished
8. “I have visited Paris.” What does this tell us?
A. The speaker lives in Paris now.
B. The speaker has that experience, but the exact time is not given.
C. The speaker visited yesterday.
答案与解释
1. A · met
yesterday afternoon 是已结束的具体过去时间，用 met。
2. C · tried
last year 指定结束时间，回答细节改用 tried。
3. B · have lived
since 2021 加仍住这里，表示延续到现在。
4. B · played
童年五年已结束，后面明确 stopped，用 played。
5. C · When did you buy your bike?
问买车的具体过去时间，使用 did + buy。
6. B · The current result of losing it.
so I cannot board 表明强调当前影响。
7. C · finished
先用现在完成时报告状态，再用一般过去时说明已完成事件的时间。
8. B · The speaker has that experience, but the exact time is not given.
该句表达有过去巴黎的经历，没有交代具体日期或当前居住地。
表达任务
写一段交流：先询问或介绍一种经历，再补充一次具体过去事件的时间、细节和你的感受。约 70–100 词。
□ 询问或总结经历用了现在完成时。
□ 明确过去时间后的事件用了过去时。
□ 没有把 for 或 today 当成唯一判断依据。
参考表达
Have you ever helped to organise a school event? I have done it twice, and I have learned a lot. Last March, our class held a book sale. I designed the posters and helped collect the books. At first, we worried that nobody would come, but many families visited. We raised enough money to buy new books for the library. Since then, I have felt more confident about working in a team.
难度范围参照 Cambridge B1 Preliminary for Schools；本站原创练习，并非官方试卷。