量词：数量与可数性 · PET / B1
天天向上 · 原创语法学习讲义
先判断可数性，再表达“多、少、有一些或几乎没有”；理解量词对语气与范围的影响。
可数与不可数
many / few 配可数复数；much / little 配不可数；a lot of 两类都可用。
There are many visitors, but there is not much space.
游客很多，但空间不大。
advice、information、luggage 通常不可数；可用 a piece of advice 等单位表达。
a 的有无改变重点
a few / a little 表有一些；few / little 常强调数量不足或很少。
We have a few ideas, but little money.
我们有几个想法，但钱很少。
不要只翻成同一个“少”，要读出上下文的乐观或不足意味。
some 与 any
some 常用于肯定，也用于提供和请求；any 常用于疑问否定，也能表示任意一个。
Would you like some water? You can choose any seat.
要喝点水吗？你可以选任何座位。
不能把“疑问句一律用 any”当规则。
all / both / each / every
all 表全部，both 只指两者；each / every 后接单数名词和单数谓语；either / neither 常谈两者选择。
Every student needs a pass. Both teachers have one.
每个学生都需要通行证。两位老师都有。
of 后通常接限定词或代词：some of the students、both of them。
语境练习
1. How ___ students have signed up?
A. little
B. much
C. many
2. There is not ___ luggage, so one taxi should be enough.
A. few
B. much
C. many
3. We have ___ minutes before the bus leaves, so let’s buy a drink.
A. a few
B. few
C. little
4. We have ___ money left, so we cannot afford the tickets.
A. many
B. a few
C. little
5. Would you like ___ tea before we start?
A. many
B. few
C. some
6. Every member ___ a copy of the plan.
A. having
B. has
C. have
7. There are two entrances, and ___ are open.
A. all
B. both
C. every
8. Choose the standard expression.
A. two informations
B. two pieces of advice
C. two advices
答案与解释
1. C · many
students 可数复数，用 many。
2. B · much
luggage 通常不可数，用 much。
3. A · a few
minutes 可数复数，且还有时间买饮料，a few 更符合语境。
4. C · little
money 不可数，无法负担说明强调很少、不足，用 little。
5. C · some
提供饮品的疑问句常用 some。
6. B · has
Every member 按单数处理，谓语用 has。
7. B · both
明确两者都开放，用 both。
8. B · two pieces of advice
advice 不可数，可用 pieces 计量。
表达任务
为社团活动写一段准备情况：交代可数与不可数物品，使用 a few / little 或 a little 的区别，并写出一条 every 规则。
□ 量词与名词可数性匹配。
□ a few / few、a little / little 的意思符合上下文。
□ each / every 后的单数结构正确。
参考表达
We have a few volunteers and plenty of paper for the workshop, but there is little money left for decorations. We can still make the room attractive with things we already have. There are two large tables, and both are available. Every participant needs a pencil. We have a little spare time on Friday, so we can check the materials and prepare some examples before the event.
难度范围参照 Cambridge B1 Preliminary for Schools；本站原创练习，并非官方试卷。