定语从句：说清是哪一个 · PET / B1
天天向上 · 原创语法学习讲义
用从句锁定要说的人或事物，并区分限定信息、额外补充以及何时可以省略关系词。
关系词看指代
who 指人；which 指事物；that 可用于限定性从句中的人或事物；whose 表所属。
The woman who runs the club is an engineer.
管理社团的那位女士是一名工程师。
不要在从句重复主语：who runs，不是 who she runs。
主语不能省，宾语常可省
在限定性从句中，关系词若作宾语通常可以省略；若作主语不能省略。
The film (that) we watched was excellent.
我们看的电影很棒。
we 是从句主语；that 是 watched 的宾语，所以可省。
where 与 which 的区别
where 在从句中表示“在那里”；which / that 可作为动词的主语或宾语。
This is the hotel where we stayed. This is the hotel that we chose.
这是我们住过的酒店。这是我们选中的酒店。
stay 在这里需要地点说明；choose 直接以酒店作宾语，不能随意把两句关系词互换。
逗号标明额外信息
非限定性从句补充已明确对象的信息，用逗号隔开，通常不用 that，不能省关系词。
Our teacher, who speaks three languages, is joining the trip.
我们的老师会说三种语言，她要参加这次旅行。
限定性从句常帮助回答“哪一个”；不要给所有关系从句自动加逗号。
语境练习
1. The volunteer ___ showed us around was very friendly.
A. whose
B. who
C. where
2. That is the boy ___ sister won the competition.
A. who
B. which
C. whose
3. Which sentence can omit that without losing a necessary subject?
A. The bag that contains the books is blue.
B. The bag that I bought is blue.
C. The bag that fell is blue.
4. This is the village ___ my grandparents live.
A. where
B. whose
C. which
5. This is the village ___ we visited last summer.
A. where
B. whose
C. that
6. Choose the correct sentence.
A. The man lives upstairs is a nurse.
B. The man who lives upstairs is a nurse.
C. The man who he lives upstairs is a nurse.
7. My aunt, ___ lives in Oxford, is visiting us.
A. who
B. whose
C. that
8. “The students who arrived early helped set up.” Who helped?
A. All students, whether early or late.
B. Only the teachers.
C. The students identified as arriving early.
答案与解释
1. B · who
关系词指人并作 showed 的主语，用 who。
2. C · whose
whose sister 表示那个男孩的姐姐或妹妹。
3. B · The bag that I bought is blue.
第一句 I 是从句主语，that 为 bought 的宾语，可省。
4. A · where
live 后说明住在哪里，用 where。
5. C · that
visit 直接带宾语 village，所以用 that / which。
6. B · The man who lives upstairs is a nurse.
who 已经是关系从句主语，不重复 he。
7. A · who
逗号引出补充信息，指人用 who，不能用 that。
8. C · The students identified as arriving early.
限定性从句锁定早到的那些学生，而不是所有学生。
表达任务
向新朋友介绍一个人、一个地方和一件物品，分别用关系从句补充信息，至少包含 whose 或 where。约 70–100 词。
□ 关系词指代和在从句中的作用正确。
□ 没有重复 he / it 等主语或宾语。
□ 限定信息与额外补充的逗号使用合理。
参考表达
Our club leader is a student who enjoys building robots. He works with a girl whose father is an engineer. We meet in a room where we can leave our projects safely. My favourite project is a small car that follows a black line on the floor. The tools that we use belong to the school. Our teacher, who is very patient, helps us when a design does not work.
难度范围参照 Cambridge B1 Preliminary for Schools；本站原创练习，并非官方试卷。