间接引语：转述消息与问题 · PET / B1
天天向上 · 原创语法学习讲义
转述信息时，同时检查说话人、时间地点和语序；根据转述视点决定是否后移时态。
say 与 tell
say 后可直接接所说内容；tell 通常需要说明告诉谁；say to someone 也可以。
She said that the room was ready. She told us that the room was ready.
她说房间准备好了。她告诉我们房间准备好了。
不写 said us；told us 后不要再加 to 引出内容句。
时态后移看视点
过去转述中常见 am/is→was、are→were、will→would、have done→had done；一般过去也常后移为过去完成。
He said he had already sent the email.
他说他已经发过邮件。
如果信息仍然成立或立即转述，时态不一定必须后移。保留事实与当前视点更重要。
问题用陈述语序
特殊疑问保留疑问词；一般疑问使用 if / whether；内部不再倒装。
She asked whether I could join the team.
她问我能否加入队伍。
She asked where I was 正确，不写 where was I。转述陈述句末通常用句号。
人称、时间与指令
根据谁在何时何地转述调整 I / you、here / there、today / that day；指令常用 told / asked + 人 + to do。
Our teacher asked us to arrive early the next morning.
老师让我们第二天早晨早点到。
不是所有 tomorrow 都机械替换，若仍指同一天的“明天”，可以保留。题目会交代转述时间。
语境练习
1. Yesterday Ben said, “I am ill.” Report it later from a past viewpoint.
A. Ben said that I was ill.
B. Ben said that he was ill.
C. Ben said that he were ill.
2. Choose the correct sentence.
A. She said me that the meeting was cancelled.
B. She told that the meeting was cancelled me.
C. She told me that the meeting was cancelled.
3. Report “Where are you going?” using a past viewpoint.
A. He asked me where I was going.
B. He asked me where was I going.
C. He asked me where did I going.
4. She asked me ___ I had a ticket.
A. that do
B. whether
C. what did
5. “Do not touch the painting,” the guard said to us.
A. The guard said us not touch the painting.
B. The guard told us not to touch the painting.
C. The guard told us do not touch the painting.
6. On Monday Mia said, “I will arrive tomorrow.” Reporting this on Friday:
A. Mia said she would arrive next Saturday.
B. Mia said she had arrived the previous Sunday.
C. Mia said she would arrive the next day.
7. “I have finished,” he said. A standard backshifted report is:
A. He said he had finish.
B. He said he has finish.
C. He said he had finished.
8. A fact is still true at the time of reporting. Must its tense always be shifted back?
A. No, the present can be kept when the viewpoint supports it.
B. Yes, every report must use had.
C. Yes, even a fact reported immediately must change.
答案与解释
1. B · Ben said that he was ill.
I 指 Ben，因此改 he；am 后移为 was。
2. C · She told me that the meeting was cancelled.
tell 常接被告知的人 me，再接内容句。
3. A · He asked me where I was going.
转述疑问内部使用 I was going 的陈述语序。
4. B · whether
转述一般疑问用 whether / if，不用疑问倒装。
5. B · The guard told us not to touch the painting.
否定指令用 told us not to touch。
6. C · Mia said she would arrive the next day.
原来 tomorrow 指周二；the next day 以周一为参照。
7. C · He said he had finished.
have finished 后移为 had finished，过去分词不变。
8. A · No, the present can be kept when the viewpoint supports it.
转述时态受时间与仍然成立的信息影响，不是所有句子都机械后移。
表达任务
把一次活动通知转述给缺席同学：写负责人说了什么、问了什么、要求大家做什么，以及一条禁止事项。约 70–100 词。
□ say / tell / ask 的搭配正确。
□ 人称和时间指代清楚。
□ 转述问题没有倒装，指令使用 to do / not to do。
参考表达
Our teacher told us that the trip would take place the following Friday. She said that the coach would leave at eight. She asked whether anyone needed a packed lunch and told us to return the form by Wednesday. She also asked us to wear comfortable shoes. The guide told us not to take photographs in the special exhibition. I said that I would pass the information on to you.
难度范围参照 Cambridge B1 Preliminary for Schools；本站原创练习，并非官方试卷。